The Chemistry of Plant Life Roscoe Wilfred Thatcher In general, starch is the final product of photosynthesis in most green plants; but there are many exceptions to this. Water from the roots is brought to the leaf by the vascular tissues called xylem, while the carbohydrates made by the leaf are distributed to the rest of the plant by the vascular tissue called phloem
Glycolysis During glycolysis, the potential energy of a primary foodstuff, glucose, is released during a series of chemical reactions which occur in the cytoplasm. During the process, the coenzymes (NADH + H+ and FADH2) which have accumulated during previous processes transfer hydrogen atoms to components of the electron transport chain
Photosynthesis
The light reactions use solar energy to make ATP and NADPH, which funcrtion as chemical energy and reducing power respectively, in the Calvin cycle.(notice that in contrast to ATP generated by cellular respiration, ATP produced in the light reactions of photosynthesis is usually dedicated to a single kind of cellular work, driving the Calvin cycle.) The Calvin cycle incorperates CO2 into organic molecules. Thus, light energy is initially converted to chemical energy in the form of two compounds: NADPH, a source of energized electrons ( "reducing power"); and ATP, the versatile energy currency o that the light reactions produce no sugar; that happens in the second stage of photosynthesis, the Calvin cycle
The remain three-carbon compounds are converted back into five carbon molecules (RuBP) through the addition of phosphates from ATP 14Harvesting Chemical EnergyPlants and animals both use products of photosynthesis (glucose) for metabolic fuel Heterotrophs must take in energy from outside sources, cannot make their own e.g. Or use it to create really cool photo slideshows - with 2D and 3D transitions, animation, and your choice of music - that you can share with your Facebook friends or Google+ circles
Cellular Respiration:
In some ways similar to the chloroplast, the mitochondria also has two main sites for the reactions: The matrix, a liquidy part of the mitochondrion, and the christae, the folded membranes in the mitochondrion. In our cells, anaerobic respiration results in the production of lactic acid, the molecule that builds up when you 'feel the burn' during or after strenuous exercise
Cellular Respiration -- Exploring Nature Educational Resource
What happens if there is no oxygen where an organism lives (anaerobic conditions)? In that case, the organism can still create energy, but through the process of fermentation. Yeast can also release carbon dioxide in this process, which is what causes bread to rise.In animals, the lack of oxygen will drive muscle cells to carry on lactate fermentation which creates lactic acid causing sore and cramping muscles
Plants can also produce ATP in this manner in their mitochondria but plants can also produce ATP by using the energy of sunlight in chloroplasts as discussed later. Now that scientists understand how some of these highly organized molecules function and why they are required for life, their origin must be explained
Each turn of the Krebs cycle is capable of producing one molecule of guanine triphosphate (GTP), which is easily converted into ATP, and an additional 17 molecules of ATP through the electron transport chain. Anaerobic Respiration Found in select prokaryotes, anaerobic respiration utilizes an electron transport chain much as aerobic respiration but instead of using oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor, other elements are used
Cell Respiration: Introduction
Since most textbooks provide abundant details of the chemical reactions in respiration, this tutorial will focus on how the chemical energy in glucose is converted into ATP and where respiration occurs in the cell. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can all be used as fuels in cellular respiration, but glucose is most commonly used as an example to examine the reactions and pathways involved
The electron transport system transfers protons from the inner compartment to the outer; as the protons flow back to the inner compartment, the energy of their movement is used to add phosphate to ADP, forming ATP. Water flows across the respiratory surface of the gill in one direction while blood flows in the other direction through the blood vessels on the other side of the surface
Quiz: Photosynthesis AP Biology
In the light dependent reactions, when light strikes the pigments (P700 or P680) what is the immediate result? excited electrons are passed to electron acceptors electrons are fused to form ATP glucose is produced carbon fixation occurs 10
While the molecules are being rearranged in this cycle, carbon dioxide is produced, and electrons are pulled off and passed into an electron transport system which, just as in photosynthesis, generates a lot of ATP for the plant to use for growth and reproduction. They conserve water a lot better than we do.Can plants live without animals? Can animals live without plants?Thanks for asking.Click Here to return to the search form
PICTURE adaptation Tendency of an organism to suit its environment; one of the major points of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection: organisms adapt to their environment. Paternal and maternal chromosomes line up randomly during synapsis, so each daughter cell is likely to receive an assortment of maternal and paternal chromosomes rather than a complete set from either
A series of metabolic pathways (the Krebs cycle and others) in the mitochondria result in the further breaking of chemical bonds and the liberation of ATP. Immediately after exposure to 14CO2, the plant's photosynthetic tissue is killed by immersing it in boiling alcohol, and all of the biochemical reactions cease
Cellular Respiration
What is the chemical formula for glucose? The chemical equation for respiration is: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O Glucose + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water The key points: Glucose stores the sun's energy in chemical form. Electron transport produces an uneven charge on the mitochondria membrane.This allows protons to move through the membrane by electrical charge attraction
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